The licence decides the rules. One group can face DORA through an EU e-money institution, SYSC 15A through a UK payment firm, MAS notices in Singapore, the VARA rulebook in Dubai and the RPAA in Canada.
EU: DORA
Applies from 17 January 2025 to payment institutions, e-money institutions and crypto-asset service providers authorised under MiCA (Art. 2(1), Art. 64). The ICT risk management framework is documented and reviewed at least once a year (Art. 6(5)).
UK: FCA operational resilience
SYSC 15A covers e-money institutions, payment institutions and registered account information service providers (SYSC 15A.1.1R(3)). Firms had until 31 March 2025 to be able to operate their important business services within impact tolerances. The FCA publishes the CQUEST and ORQUEST self-assessment questionnaires.
Singapore: MAS TRM compliance
The MAS Guidelines on Risk Management Practices – Technology Risk, published on 18 January 2021, address all licensed sectors, payments included. MAS Notice FSM-N13, in force for digital payment token service providers since 6 November 2024, sets hard numbers: notify MAS within 1 hour of discovering a relevant incident, a root cause report within 14 days, a recovery time objective of at most 4 hours for each critical system, and no more than 4 hours of unscheduled downtime per critical system in any 12 months.
Dubai: VARA Technology and Information Rulebook
A VASP appoints a CISO (Rule I.I.1), engages a qualified independent third party for vulnerability assessments and penetration tests (Rule I.E.1) and is regularly audited by independent auditors (Rule I.E.4).
Canada: RPAA
A payment service provider registered with the Bank of Canada maintains a risk management and incident response framework (s. 17(1)) and notifies affected parties and the Bank without delay of an incident with a material impact (s. 18(1)). Frameworks had to be in place from 8 September 2025. Technical work in Canada runs through the group's IT brand itopsi.com.