▸ Research Desk
Operational guides
In-depth practical guides with jurisdiction-level detail — formation, banking, licensing, tax.
Guide · 8 min
EMI Account for a VASP: How a Crypto Firm Holds Client Money under MiCA
A CASP may use an EMI account to collect client money, then must move it to a bank or central bank by the next business
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Guide · 8 min
Ready-Made MSB Company in Canada: What You Buy and What FINTRAC Requires
A ready-made Canadian MSB keeps its FINTRAC registration when the new owners are eligible and FINTRAC hears
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Guide · 9 min
DORA ICT Requirements for an EMI Licence: What the Application and the First Year Need
DORA applies to every e-money institution from 17 January 2025: ICT risk framework, incident reporting in 4 and 24
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Guide · 7 min
ISO/IEC 27001 Readiness for a Fintech Company: Steps, Documents and the Certification Audit
How a fintech gets ready for ISO/IEC 27001:2022: scope, risk assessment, Statement of Applicability, 93 Annex
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Cyprus · 13 min
Company Formation in Cyprus in 2026: an Ltd for a Foreign Founder, Tax after the Reform and Reporting
A Cyprus Ltd for a foreign founder: lawyer and HE1, secretary, the €165 fee, beneficial owners, 15% corporate tax
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Cyprus · 13 min
Entering the Cyprus Market in 2026: a Subsidiary Ltd or a Branch, and Residence for the Owner
Subsidiary Ltd or branch in Cyprus: liability, tax, registration. Owner residence: BCS, Digital Nomad, Reg.
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Czechia · 8 min
Czech Business Visa and Residence Permit in 2026: What Company Owners Must Know
Czech business visa or residence permit for non-EU founders: consular fee, eligibility, documents, decision times
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Czechia · 9 min
Czech Company Formation in 2026: s.r.o., Registered Office, Tax, and Residence
Czech s.r.o. for a foreign founder in 2026: Commercial Register, registered office, trade authorisation, 21% corporate
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Germany · 14 min
Company Registration in Germany in 2026: a GmbH or UG for a Foreign Founder, Tax and Reporting
A GmbH or UG for a foreign founder: €25,000 or €1 capital, notary, German address, Transparenzregister, 15% tax plus
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Germany · 14 min
Entering the German Market in 2026: a Subsidiary GmbH or a Branch, and Residence for the Owner
Subsidiary GmbH or branch in Germany: liability, tax, registration. Owner residence
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Poland · 10 min
Entering the Polish Market in 2026: Subsidiary, Branch, Representative Office and Founder Residence
Subsidiary, branch or representative office in Poland: what the 2018 Act allows each form and the founder residence
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Poland · 11 min
Company Formation in Poland in 2026: a sp. z o.o. for Foreign Founders
How a foreign founder forms a Polish sp. z o.o.: PLN 5,000 capital, KRS fee PLN 500 or 250, CRBR within 14 days, CIT
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Portugal · 12 min
Company Formation in Portugal in 2026: an Lda for a Foreign Founder, Tax and Reporting
A Portuguese Lda for a foreign founder: €1 per quota, NIF, Empresa na Hora or online, RCBE, corporate tax 19%
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Portugal · 12 min
Entering the Portuguese Market in 2026: Subsidiary Lda or Branch, and Residence for the Owner
Subsidiary Lda or branch in Portugal: liability, tax, registration. Residence after the reforms
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Spain · 11 min
Entering the Spanish Market in 2026: Subsidiary SL or Branch, and Founder Residence
Subsidiary SL or branch in Spain: liability and the 19% branch profits tax.
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Spain · 12 min
Company Formation in Spain in 2026: an SL for a Foreign Founder, Tax and Reporting
A Spanish SL for a foreign founder: €1 capital, NIE and NIF, CIRCE, form D-1A, 2026 corporate tax (25/23/19/15%), VAT
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Guide · 6 min
Employer of Record in Estonia (2026): How an EOR Works, What It Costs and When Your Own OÜ Pays Off
EOR in Estonia per EMTA: the EOR signs the contract, registers the employee in TÖR and files TSD.
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Guide · 11 min
Business Bank Account for a Foreign-Owned Company: What Providers Publish in the UK, Estonia, Canada, the UAE and the US
What Tide, Wise, Estonian banks, RBC, Mashreq and Mercury publish for foreign-owned companies
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Guide · 10 min
Canada MSB Registration Cost and Timeline in 2026: FINTRAC, the Quebec Licence and What You Pay
What a Canadian MSB costs in 2026: FINTRAC charges no fee, the Quebec licence is C$826 per service category
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Guide · 11 min
When Does a Business Need an MSB Registration or a VASP Licence? FINTRAC, FinCEN, MiCA and VARA Compared
Which crypto and payment activities need an MSB registration in Canada or the US, a MiCA authorisation in the EU
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Guide · 9 min
UAE Free Zone Fees Compared in 2026: DMCC, JAFZA, ADGM, RAKEZ, Meydan and IFZA
What six UAE free zones publish for a company licence in 2026: DMCC AED 20,285 a year, ADGM US$5,800, Meydan AED
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Guide · 11 min
UK Limited Company for Non-Residents in 2026: Formation, Registered Office, Identity Check, Bank, VAT and Accounts
Setting up a UK Ltd from abroad: £100 fee, registration within 24 hours, director ID check, registered office rules
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Guide · 10 min
Does a UK Ltd Need VAT Registration? £90,000 Threshold, NETP Status and Overseas Clients
When a UK Ltd run from abroad must register for VAT: the £90,000 test, NETP status per HMRC guidance, B2B services
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Guide · 9 min
Form 5472 for a Foreign-Owned Delaware LLC: Deadline, $25,000 Penalty and the Annual Compliance Calendar
A Delaware LLC with one foreign owner files Form 5472 with a pro forma 1120 by April 15. Penalty $25,000 per form.
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Guide · 9 min
Payroll in Estonia 2026: 22% | 33% Rates & TSD Deadlines
Estonia payroll 2026 per EMTA: 22% income tax, 33% social tax, TSD by the 10th, data-based filing from 1 October.
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Guide · 11 min
A UAE Bank Closed Your Corporate Account: What Is Behind It and What to Do
UAE bank closing your business account? The CBUAE 60-day notice covers individuals and sole proprietors.
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Guide · 1 min
How to Avoid Scams When Registering a Company Abroad
Red flags of formation scams and low-grade agents, how to vet a provider before you pay, what to demand in writing
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Guide · 1 min
How to Pass Bank KYC and Compliance: Preparing Your Pack
What a corporate KYC pack contains in 2026: structure documents, source of funds and wealth, UBO disclosure
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Guide · 1 min
Opening a UAE Business Bank Account: Timelines and Reality
The real picture in 2026, bank by bank — Emirates NBD, Mashreq, ADCB, Wio, FAB
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Guide · 1 min
CFC Rules: What Every Founder Should Know
How CFC regimes attribute profit, the control and participation thresholds, passive income and exemptions
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Guide · 1 min
Choosing a Jurisdiction for Fintech or Crypto in 2026
A framework for 2026: licence type first — MSB, VASP, EMI, MiCA CASP — then banking access, capital, speed
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Guide · 2 min
Doing Business Abroad as a CIS Founder in 2026
Which jurisdictions actually open companies and accounts for CIS-passport founders, how to clear KYC and AML lawfully
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Guide · 1 min
Crypto Licensing in 2026: VASP, MiCA, and Where You Actually Get It
VASP or CASP, VARA in the UAE, the end of Estonia's FIU regime and the move to MiCA, MSB and FINTRAC in Canada
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Guide · 1 min
DIY or a Consultant: An Honest Look at Registering a Company Abroad
When doing it yourself genuinely works, when it costs you the bank account, the tax position or the timeline
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Guide · 1 min
International Holding Structure: How to Build One in 2026
Why a holding company, choosing between the UK, Singapore, Estonia and the Netherlands, participation exemption, treaty
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Guide · 1 min
How to Legally Pay Less Tax: International Structures in 2026
Substance over form, holding structures, treaty networks and CFC rules, with the real 2026 rates — and the line
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Guide · 2 min
Bank Account for a Non-Resident Company: The Real Routes in 2026
An honest 2026 map: which jurisdictions and banks open accounts for foreign-owned companies, what KYC they demand
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Guide · 1 min
Relocating a Business Out of the CIS: A Clean Exit
The order that keeps the exit clean — company, then assets, then founder
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Guide · 1 min
Substance Requirements: How Not to Lose Your Tax Benefits
What economic substance means in 2026 — office, people, spend, decision-making — where it bites hardest
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Guide · 1 min
Tax Residency: How It Is Determined and How to Change It in 2026
How tax residency is decided in 2026: the 183-day rule, centre of vital interests, mind and management, dual residence
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Guide · 1 min
Company Formation in the UAE in 2026: Free Zone, Mainland, Tax, Banking
Entity types and the Free Zone versus Mainland choice, 9% corporate tax and 0% on qualifying Free Zone income, 5% VAT
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Guide · 1 min
UBO and Beneficial Ownership Registers: BOI, PSC, UBO Registers in 2026
Beneficial-ownership transparency in 2026: BOI and FinCEN in the US, PSC in the UK, UBO registers in the EU
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Guide · 7 min
Delaware LLC for a Non-Resident: Getting the EIN Without an SSN or ITIN
A non-resident can form a Delaware LLC and get its EIN without an SSN: Form SS-4 by phone, fax or mail, IRS times
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Guide · 8 min
UK Ltd vs LLP for International Holding Companies: 2026 Guide
How to choose between a UK private limited company and a limited liability partnership for holding, professional
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Guide · 9 min
Setting Up an MSB in Canada: The Complete FINTRAC Guide
MSB registration in Canada: FINTRAC charges no registration fee. Incorporation, the compliance program, banking
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Guide · 12 min
US Delaware LLC: The Founder's Playbook for Non-US Operators
How non-US founders form, bank, and operate a Delaware LLC, including BOI reporting and the 5472/1120 trap.
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Guide · 9 min
Estonia e-Residency: The Complete Handbook for Building an EU Company Remotely
What Estonia e-Residency is, what it actually gives you, how to form an OÜ and where the CIT advantage sits.
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Guide · 8 min
Free Zone vs Mainland in the UAE: A Complete Decision Guide for 2026
A practical 2026 framework for choosing between a UAE free zone entity and a mainland LLC, on the facts that decide it.
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Guide · 9 min
Singapore Pte. Ltd.: The Operating Manual for Foreign Founders
The complete guide to forming and running a Singapore private limited company as a foreign national
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